Lithium and cobalt drive EV and renewable energy growth. Lithium-ion batteries, reliant on these minerals, face surging demand from EV adoption. U.S. lithium imports rose sharply to $224M monthly in 2025, while cobalt prices peaked then stabilized. Forecasts show modest increases amid supply expansions in Argentina, Chile, and DRC, with shifts to cobalt-reduced tech for cost stability and sustainable transport. In this study we look into the correlation between the two variab

Hydrogen is viewed as a complement, not a competitor, to battery-electric transportation. While fuel-cell passenger vehicles are still niche, hydrogen creates value for heavy-duty logistics, industrial decarbonization, and electricity-system flexibility, all of which influence EV and hybrid ecosystems. This complementary ro le strengthens overall transportation decarbonization by addressing segments where batteries face practical limits. Low-emission hydrogen production and d